Mission MARS ( List of Mission Mars )

MISSION MARS

The initial concept included an orbiter and small robotic lander in 2018, followed by a rover in 2020, and the base components in 2024. The first crew of four astronauts were to land on Mars in 2025. Then, every two years, a new crew of four would arrive. The initial concept included an orbiter and small robotic lander in 2018, followed by a rover in 2020, and the base components in 2024. The first crew of four astronauts were to land on Mars in 2025. Then, every two years, a new crew of four would arrive.

A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars. ... There have also been studies for a possible human mission to Mars, including a landing, but none have been attempted. The most recent landing took place on the 18 of February 2021 by the NASA rover Perseverance.

The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet. The mission addresses high-priority science goals for Mars exploration, including key questions about the potential for life on Mars.

SpaceX is almost ready to start building a permanent human settlement on Mars with its massive Starship rocket. The private spaceflight company is on track to launch its first uncrewed mission to Mars in as little as four years from now, SpaceX's founder and CEO Elon Musk said Friday.

Mars 3 arrived at Mars on December 2, 1971. The lander was released and became the first successful landing on Mars. It failed after relaying 20 seconds of video data to the orbiter.

Missions

Mission Type Legend

  Mission to Mars

  Gravity assist, destination elsewhere

Mission	Spacecraft	Launch Date	Operator	Mission Type	Outcome[2]	Remarks	Carrier rocket[3]
1M No.1	1M No.1	10 October 1960	OKB-1  Soviet Union	Flyby	Launch failure	Failed to achieve Earth orbit	Molniya
1M No.2	1M No.2	14 October 1960	OKB-1  Soviet Union	Flyby	Launch failure	Failed to achieve Earth orbit	Molniya
2MV-4 No.1	2MV-4 No.1	24 October 1962	Soviet Union	Flyby	Launch failure	Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO	Molniya
Mars 1	Mars 1 (2MV-4 No.2)	1 November 1962	Soviet Union	Flyby	Spacecraft failure	Communications lost before flyby	Molniya
2MV-3 No.1	2MV-3 No.1	4 November 1962	Soviet Union	Lander	Launch failure	Never left LEO	Molniya
Mariner 3	Mariner 3	5 November 1964	NASA  United States	Flyby	Launch failure	Payload fairing failed to separate	Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Mariner 4	Mariner 4	28 November 1964	NASA  United States	Flyby	Successful	The first flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965	Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Zond 2	Zond 2 (3MV-4A No.2)	30 November 1964	Soviet Union	Flyby	Spacecraft failure	Communications lost before flyby	Molniya
Mariner 6	Mariner 6	25 February 1969	NASA  United States	Flyby	Successful		Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
2M No.521	2M No.521 (1969A)[4]	27 March 1969	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Launch failure	Failed to achieve Earth orbit	Proton-K/D
Mariner 7	Mariner 7	27 March 1969	NASA  United States	Flyby	Successful		Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
2M No.522	2M No.522 (1969B)[4]	2 April 1969	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Launch failure	Failed to achieve Earth orbit	Proton-K/D
Mariner 8	Mariner 8	9 May 1971	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Launch failure	Failed to achieve Earth orbit	Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Kosmos 419	Kosmos 419 (3MS No.170)	10 May 1971	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Launch failure	Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly	Proton-K/D
Mars 2	Mars 2 (4M No.171)	19 May 1971	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Successful	Entered orbit on 27 November 1971, operated for 362 orbits[5]	Proton-K/D
	Mars 2 lander (SA 4M No.171)			Lander	Spacecraft failure	First impact on Mars, deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971.[6]
	Prop-M			Rover	Failure Lost with Mars 2	Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars.
Mars 3	Mars 3 (4M No.172)	28 May 1971	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Successful	Entered orbit on 2 December 1971, operated for 20 orbits[7][8]	Proton-K/D
	Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No.172)			Lander	Partial success[9][10]	The first lander on Mars, soft landed on 2 December 1971. A first partial image (70 lines) was transmitted. Contact lost 104.5 seconds[11] after landing.[12]
	Prop-M			Rover	Carrier vehicle failed before rover was deployed	First rover on another planet, 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) rover connected to the Mars 3 lander by a tether. Deployment status unknown due to loss of communications with the Mars 3 lander.[11]
Mariner 9	Mariner 9	30 May 1971	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Successful[13]	The first orbiter of Mars. Entered orbit on 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days after entering orbit	Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mars 4	Mars 4 (3MS No.52S)	21 July 1973	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Spacecraft failure	Failed to perform orbital insertion burn	Proton-K/D
Mars 5	Mars 5 (3MS No.53S)	25 July 1973	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Successful	Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. returned 180 frames	Proton-K/D
Mars 6	Mars 6 (3MP No.50P)	5 August 1973	Soviet Union	Flyby	Successful	Flyby bus collected data.[14]	Proton-K/D
	Mars 6 lander			Lander	Spacecraft failure	Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.
Mars 7	Mars 7 (3MP No.51P)	9 August 1973	Soviet Union	Flyby	Successful	Flyby bus collected data.	Proton-K/D
	Mars 7 lander			Lander	Spacecraft failure	Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.
Viking 1	Viking 1 orbiter	20 August 1975	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Successful	Operated for 1385 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976.	Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
	Viking 1 lander			Lander	Successful	The second lander successfully returning data, deployed from Viking 1 orbiter. Operated for 2245 sols. Landed on Mars in 20 July 1976.
Viking 2	Viking 2 orbiter	9 September 1975	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Successful	Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976.	Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
	Viking 2 lander			Lander	Successful	Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980). Landed on Mars on September 1976.
Phobos 1	Phobos 1 (1F No.101)	7 July 1988	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Spacecraft failure	Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit	Proton-K/D-2
	DAS			Phobos lander	Failure Lost with Phobos 1	To have been deployed by Phobos 1
Phobos 2	Phobos 2 (1F No.102)	12 July 1988	Soviet Union	Orbiter	Mostly successful	Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander deployment.	Proton-K/D-2
	Prop-F			Phobos rover	Failure Lost with Phobos 2	To have been deployed by Phobos 2
	DAS			Phobos lander	Failure Lost with Phobos 2	To have been deployed by Phobos 2
Mars Observer	Mars Observer	25 September 1992	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Spacecraft failure	Lost communications before orbital insertion	Commercial Titan III
Mars Global Surveyor	Mars Global Surveyor	7 November 1996	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Successful	Operated for seven years	Delta II 7925
Mars 96	Mars 96 (M1 No.520)(Mars-8)[4]	16 November 1996	Rosaviakosmos  Russia	Orbiter Penetrators	Spacecraft failure	Never left LEO	Proton-K/D-2
	Mars 96 lander			Lander	Failure Lost with Mars 96	Two Mars landers to have been deployed by Mars 96.
	Mars 96 lander			Lander	Failure Lost with Mars 96
	Mars 96 penetrator			Penetrator	Failure Lost with Mars 96	Two Mars Penetrators to have been deployed by Mars 96.
	Mars 96 penetrator			Penetrator	Failure Lost with Mars 96
Mars Pathfinder	Mars Pathfinder	4 December 1996	NASA  United States	Lander	Successful	Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997,[15]Last contact on 27 September 1997	Delta II 7925
	Sojourner			Rover	Successful	The first rover to operate on another planet, operated for 84 days[16]
Nozomi	Nozomi (PLANET-B)	3 July 1998	ISAS  Japan	Orbiter	Spacecraft failure	Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel.	M-V
Mars Climate Orbiter	Mars Climate Orbiter	11 December 1998	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Spacecraft failure	Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a software interface buginvolving different units for impulse and burned up in the atmosphere	Delta II 7425
Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2	Mars Polar Lander	3 January 1999	NASA  United States	Lander	Spacecraft failure	Failed to land	Delta II 7425
	Deep Space 2			Penetrator	Spacecraft failure	No data transmitted after deployment from MPL.
	Deep Space 2			Penetrator	Spacecraft failure
Mars Odyssey	Mars Odyssey	7 April 2001	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Operational	Expected to remain operational until 2025.	Delta II 7925
Mars Express	Mars Express	2 June 2003	ESA  European Union	Orbiter	Operational	Enough fuel to remain operational until 2026.	Soyuz-FG/Fregat
	Beagle 2		ESA  United Kingdom	Lander	Lander failure	No communications received after release from Mars Express. Orbital images of landing site suggest a successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications.
Spirit	Spirit (MER-A)	10 June 2003	NASA  United States	Rover	Successful	Landed on 4 January 2004. Operated for 2208 sols	Delta II 7925
Opportunity	Opportunity (MER-B)	8 July 2003	NASA  United States	Rover	Successful	Landed on 25 January 2004. Operated for 5351 sols	Delta II 7925H
Rosetta	Rosetta	2 March 2004	ESA  European Union	Flyby (Gravity assist)	Successful	Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko[17]	Ariane 5G+
	Philae			Flyby (Gravity assist)	Successful
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	12 August 2005	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Operational	Entered orbit on 10 March 2006	Atlas V 401
Phoenix	Phoenix	4 August 2007	NASA  United States	Lander	Successful	Landed on 25 May 2008. End of mission 2 November 2008	Delta II 7925
Dawn	Dawn	27 September 2007	NASA  United States	Flyby (Gravity assist)	Successful	Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres	Delta II 7925H
Fobos-Grunt/Yinghuo-1	Fobos-Grunt	8 November 2011	Roskosmos  Russia	Orbiter Phobos samplereturn	Spacecraft failure	Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power)	Zenit-2M
	Yinghuo-1		CNSA  China	Orbiter	Failure Lost with Fobos-Grunt	To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt
Mars Science Laboratory	Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory)	26 November 2011	NASA  United States	Rover	Operational	Landed on 6 August 2012	Atlas V 541
Mars Orbiter Mission	Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)	5 November 2013	ISRO  India	Orbiter	Operational	Entered orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended to 2022.[18]	PSLV-XL
MAVEN	MAVEN	18 November 2013	NASA  United States	Orbiter	Operational	Orbit insertion on 22 September 2014[19]	Atlas V 401
ExoMars 2016	ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter	14 March 2016	ESA/Roscosmos  European Union/ Russia	Orbiter	Operational	Entered orbit on 19 October 2016	Proton-M/Briz-M
	Schiaparelli EDM lander		ESA  European Union	Lander	Spacecraft failure	Carried by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Although the lander crashed,[20][21]engineering data on the first five minutes of entry was successfully retrieved.[22][23]
InSight	InSight	5 May 2018[24][25]	NASA  United States	Lander	Operational	Landed on 26 November 2018.	Atlas V 401
	MarCO A			Flyby	Successful	Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 29 December 2018.
	MarCO B			Flyby	Successful	Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 4 January 2019.
Emirates Mars Mission	Hope	19 July 2020[26]	MBRSC  United Arab Emirates	Orbiter	Operational	Entered orbit on 9 February 2021.[27][28][29]	H-IIA
Tianwen-1	Tianwen-1 orbiter	23 July 2020[30][31]	CNSA  China	Orbiter	Operational	Entered orbit on 10 February 2021	Long March 5
	Tianwen-1 lander			Lander	In orbit	Proposed landing: NET May 2021
	Zhurong rover			Rover	In orbit	Proposed landing: NET May 2021
Mars 2020	Perseverance	30 July 2020[32]	NASA  United States	Rover	Operational	Landed on 18 February 2021[33]	Atlas V 541
	Ingenuity			Helicopter	Operational	Landed on 18 February 2021.[34]Deployed from the Perseverancerover. The First rotorcraft flight on Marsachieved on April 19, 2021.[35]