*Condensed formula- The condensed formula of a molecule is the formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecule's structure with bond dashes omitted or limited. ... A true condensed formula can be written on a single line without any branching above or below it.
*Bond LIne- Bond line structure (bond-line formula, skeletal structure, skeletal formula): A representation of molecular structure in which covalent bonds are represented with one line for each level of bond order. Similar, but not identical to, Lewis structure
Alkylation- the act or process of introducing one or more alkyl groups into a compound (as to increase octane number in a motor fuel).
Anhydrous- An anhydrous material does not contain any water (H2O) molecules is called as anhydrous.
Dash formula- Dash formula is a representation of compound's all bonds with the help of dash which indicates bond between the two atoms. Single dash denoted two electrons are shared between two atoms. Three dash denoted six electrons are shared between two atoms.
Polyfunctional compounds- when writing the names of polyfunctional compounds, the principal functional group is indicated by adding the secondary suffix to the word root while the secondary functional groups are indicated by adding prefixes to the word root.
Hyperconjugation- Hyperconjugation is the stabilizing interaction that results from the interaction of the electrons in a σ-bond (usually C-H or C-C) with an adjacent empty or partially filled p-orbital or a π-orbital to give an extended molecular orbital that increases the stability of the system.
* A Nucleophile Is A Reactant That Provides A Pair Of Electrons To Form A New Covalent Bond. An Electrophile Is A Reactant That Accepts A Pair Of Electrons To Form A New Covalent Bond. Nucleophilicity” And “Electrophilicity” Refer To The Extent To Which A Species Can Donate Or Accept A Pair Of Electrons.
*Carbocation- A carbocation is an ion with a positively-charged carbon atom.
*Carbanion- An organic anion in which the negative charge is located on a carbon atom.
*Homolysis- The term homolysis generally means breakdown (lysis) to equal pieces (homo = same). There are separate meanings for the word in chemistry and biology: Homolysis (chemistry), a chemical bond dissociation of a neutral molecule generating two free radicals.
*Heterolysis- The cleavage of a bond (heterolytic cleavage or heterolytic fission) so that both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments between which the bond is broken.
Hyperconjugation- In the formalism that separates bonds into σ and π types, hyperconjugation is the interaction of σ-bonds (e.g. C-H, C-C, etc.). The interaction between filled π or p orbitals and adjacent antibonding σ* orbitals is referred to as "negative hyperconjugation", as for example in the fluoroethyl anion: RADOM (1982).
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