Sound notes
Wave : When the particle vibrates in the form of vibration it form wave.
Or
When the particle carries energy in the form of vibration it form a Wave.
Different types of wave
1. Mechanical Wave
2. Electromagnetic Wave
1. Mechanical Wave :- The wave which require medium for their transfer from one point to another point called as Mechanical Wave.
Eg:- Sound Wave
2. Electromagnetic Wave :- The wave which does not require any medium for their transfer from one point to another point it is called as Electromagnetic Wave.
Eg:- Light
Oscillation :- The too and fro motion of the particle in a curved path called as oscillation.
In oscillation there are two points called as mean point and extreme point.
There are one mean point and two extreme point.
Periodic Motion :- When the particle cover equal distance equal interval of time it is called as Periodic Motion.
Wave Motion :- When the particle carry energy in the form of vibration it is called as Wave Motion.
Amplitude :- The maximum distance covered by the particle from the mean point it is called Amplitude.
Wavelength :- The distance between two successive particles in a given medium it is called as Wavelength.
Time Period :- The time taken by the particle to complete one Vibration or one oscillation.
Frequency :- The number of vibration of a oscillation to form by the particle per unit time.
Properties of medium
1. The medium should be continuous and
Elastic.
2. It should be capable of storing energy.
3. The frictional resistance of the medium will be very small.
Superposition of principal :-
When two or more sound with travel through arrive at a point simultaneously each wave produce its own displacement at that point, independent of the other, resultant displacement at that point is equal to the vector sum and the displacement due to all the wave.
Echo :- It is a repetition of the original sound, because of reflection from rigid (hard) substance at a distance from the source of sound.
Reverberation :-
If the reflecting surface is nearer than 15 cm from the source of the sound then eco joins up with the original sound seems to be prolong. When the sound get reflected multiple time because of which single sound can be heard continuously this is called as Reverberation.
Acoustic :- The branch of Physics which deals with the study of production, transmission and repetition of sound called as Acoustic.
Qualities of Sound
1. Pitch :- It refers to the sharpness of the sound if the frequency of the sound is increased then the pitch is a higher and if the frequency decrease in pitch is low.
2. Quality :- It is the characteristics that differentiate the two sounds of the same pitch and loudness.
Overtones :- The sound in embedded by the musical instrument are made up of wave of definite frequency but consists of a series of tones of different frequency which are called as overtones.
The tone referred to the single frequency of wave.The tone of the smallest frequency of the original frequency of sound it is called as fundamental frequency.
3. Loudness :- It is the characteristics by which we can differentiate two sound of same frequency.
Loudness depends upon the intensity of vibration.
The energy of the particle performing vibration is proportional to the square of amplitude and frequency.
Loudness depends upon the density of air, velocity and directionof wind, sensitivity in ear, loudness decreases with distance.
Doppler effect in sound :-
Doppler effect is the apparent change in the frequency of sound due to relative motion between the source and the listener.
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